Building Taxonomy Summary Reports

Thank you to all of our contributors to our WHE-GEM Building Taxonomy evaluation activity.

We have received 217 reports from 49 countries. These reports are critical for assessing the viability of GEM Building Taxonomy on the global scale. The taxonomy development team will use recommendations made by the contributors to finalize a comprehensive, global building taxonomy that will be used to further the science of seismic risk reduction through the GEM initiative.

If you would like to know more about the GEM Taxonomy Form and the TaxT program used, please click here for more information.

ContinentCountryBuildilng DescriptionConstruction MaterialContributorReport
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanEye HospitalMasonry, unreinforcedAmit Kumar
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanOBG Ward 2Masonry, unreinforcedAmit Kumar
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanStock RoomMasonry, unreinforcedAmit Kumar
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanFaizabad Hospital (Guard Room)WoodAmit Kumar
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanHospital LaboratoryMasonry, unreinforcedAmit Kumar
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanKitchen and PantryMasonry, unknown reinforcementAmit Kumar
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanLaundry-fuel StorageMasonry, unreinforcedAmit Kumar
Asia & Middle EastAfghanistanFaizabad Hospital (Main Building)Masonry, unreinforcedAmit Kumar
AfricaAlgeriaMédéaMasonry, confinedSaliha Aitmesbah
AfricaAlgeriaTunnel Form Residential BuildingConcrete, reinforced Mohammed Farsi
AfricaAlgeriaMixed-SystemConcrete, reinforced Mohammed Farsi
South AmericaArgentinaRC Building in MendozaConcrete, reinforced Francisco Crisafulli
North & Central AmericaBarbadosSingle-Story RC Masonry BuildingMasonry, reinforcedGreg Parris
Asia & Middle EastBhutan3-Story Rammed Earth BuildingEarth, unreinforcedDago Zangmo
South AmericaBrazilCircata SystemSteelWallace Novaes
EuropeBulgariaPrecast RC Residential BuildingsConcrete, reinforced Manya Deyanova
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaMasonry with seismic provisions (e.g. seismic belts)Masonry, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaBuildings with monolithic reinforced concrete wallsConcrete, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaPrecast concrete flat slab buildings (consisting of columns and slabs) - Seria KUBConcrete, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaBuildings with adobe or earthen wallsMasonry, unreinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaBuildings with monolithic concrete frames and brick infill wallsConcrete, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaBuildings with monolithic concrete moment framesConcrete, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaBuildings with monolithic concrete frame and shear walls (dual system)Concrete, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaUnreinforced masonry -buildings with walls of brick masonry, stone, or blocks in cement or mixed mortar (no seismic design) - wooden floors
Masonry, unreinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaPrecast concrete large panel buildings with monolithic panel joints - Seria 105Concrete, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaUnreinforced masonry - buildings with walls of brick masonry, stone, or blocks in cement or mixed mortar (no seismic design) - precast concrete floors
Masonry, unreinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaBuildings with load-bearing braced wooden framesWoodEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaPrefabricated RC frame with linear elements with welded joints in the zone of maximum loads or with rigid walls in one direction - Seria 111, IIS-04Concrete, reinforcedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaConfined masonryMasonry, confinedEMCA Working Group
Asia & Middle EastCentral AsiaBuildings with load-bearing braced wooden framesWoodEMCA Working Group
South AmericaChileBraced Wooden Frame Infilled with Adobe UnitsMasonry, reinforcedMaximiliano Astroza and Ofelia Moroni
South AmericaChileConcepcionConcrete, reinforced Gian Carlo Giuliano
South AmericaChileConfined Masonry BuildingMasonry, confinedOfelia Moroni
Asia & Middle EastChinaHong Kong Typical Residential BuildingConcrete, reinforced Grace Fok
Asia & Middle EastChinaThe Complex Building of the Yingxiu Secondary School in Yingxiu TownConcrete, reinforced Sun Baitao
South AmericaColombiaTendinous WallsConcrete, composite with steel sectionSeku Catacoli
AfricaEthiopiaCollege/University BuildingConcrete, unknown reinforcementBezabeh
EuropeGermanyPrefabricated Metal Construction of the Modern MovementSteelMaria Bostenaru
EuropeGermanySmolka WoodframeWoodAnselm Smolka
AfricaGhanaTypical Reinforced Concrete BuildingsConcrete, reinforced Carlien Bou-Chedid
EuropeGreeceRC Dual Frame-Shear Wall SystemConcrete, reinforced Antonios Pomonis
Europe
Greece
House in Athens
Concrete, reinforced
Kostas Holevas

North & Central AmericaHaitiHaiti Apartment BuildingConcrete, reinforced Tim Hart
North & Central AmericaHaitiCollege d'Education Moderne - Elementary SchoolMasonry, confinedAbe Lynn
EuropeHungarySwabian HouseMasonry, unreinforcedMaria Bostenaru
Asia & Middle EastIndiaKolkata ResidentialConcrete, unknown reinforcementTanmay Dey
Asia & Middle EastIndiamanoharConcrete, reinforced bs
Asia & Middle EastIndiaOpen Ground Storey RC Frame BuildingConcrete, reinforced Hemant B. Kaushik
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaRumah TembokMasonry, confinedJitendra Bothara
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaSingle Storey Timber HousingWoodSugeng Wijanto
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaTypical Residential BuildingMasonry, confinedTim Hart
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaThe City Council BuildingConcrete, reinforced Sugeng Wijanto
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaStrata Title Office BuildingConcrete, reinforced Sugeng Wijanto
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaThe Modest House Type 21-72Masonry, confinedSugeng Wijanto and Hendri Muljanto
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaLog HouseWoodJitendra Bothara
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaPrecast Concrete System of Low Cost Residential BuildingConcrete, reinforced Sugeng Wijanto
Asia & Middle EastIndonesiaTraditional Building in Jalan PondockMasonry, unreinforcedSimon Simpson
Asia & Middle EastIranConfined MasonryMasonry, confinedM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranCement Block Walls with Inclined RoofMasonry, unreinforcedM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranAdobe Curved RoofEarth, unreinforcedM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranMasonry with Arched RoofMasonry, unreinforcedM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranGeneral ConstructionConcrete, composite with steel sectionFarhad Homayoun Shad
Asia & Middle EastIranMasonry with Wooden Flat RoofMasonry, unreinforcedM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranStone Walls with Wooden Flat RoofOtherM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranWooden Walls with Inclined RoofWoodM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranMasonry Jack-Arch RoofMasonry, unreinforcedM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
Asia & Middle EastIranAdobe Wooden Flat RoofEarth, unreinforcedM. Yekrangnia and A.S. Moghadam
EuropeIrelandDublin City Centre BuildingMasonry, unreinforcedJulie Clarke
EuropeItalyRC Typical Italian BuildingConcrete, reinforced Gianalberto Vecchi
EuropeItalyResidential BuildingConcrete, reinforced Giuseppe Barberio
EuropeItalyPrecast ParkingConcrete, reinforced Prevosti
North & Central AmericaJamaicaTypical 3-Bedroom Residential Building in SuburbsMasonry, reinforcedAlfrico Adams
Asia & Middle EastJapanUniversity Administration BuildingConcrete, reinforced Charles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTypical Modern Japanese Urban Single Family DwellingsWoodCharles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTraditional 3-Story Japanese PagodaWoodCharles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanMetal Frame BuildingSteelCharles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTypical Traditional Japan Urban Single Family Row HouseWoodCharles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTypical 1960's Japanese RC Frame University Building.Concrete, reinforced Charles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTypical 1960's RC Shear Wall University BuildingConcrete, reinforced Charles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTypical Traditional Large Wood Japanese Buddhist TempleWoodCharles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanModern Office Building with Ground Floor OpeningUnknownCharles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTypical Modern Japanese Low-rise RC Apartment ("Mansion") BuildingConcrete, reinforced Charles Scawthorn
Asia & Middle EastJapanTypical Traditional Japanese Storehouse ("Kura")Earth, reinforcedCharles Scawthorn
AfricaKenyaMud Wall with Bamboo ReinforcementEarth, reinforcedKishor Jaiswal
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanBuildings with load-bearing braced wooden framesWoodInTUIT
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanBuildings with adobe or earthen wallsEarth, unreinforcedInTUIT
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanTypical Residential buildingConcrete, reinforcedInTUIT-TEAM
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanUnreinforced masonry - buildings with walls of brick masonry, stone, or blocks in cement or mixed mortar (no seismic design) - precast concrete floors
Unknown MaterialInTUIT
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanBuildings with monolithic concrete frame and shear walls (dual system)Concrete, reinforcedInTUIT-TEAM
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanMasonry with seismic provisions (e.g. seismic belts)Concrete, reinforcedInTUIT
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanBuildings with monolithic reinforced concrete wallsConcrete, reinforcedInTUIT
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanPrecast concrete large panel buildings with panel connections achieved by welding of embedment plates - Seria 464Unknown MaterialInTUIT
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanSteel buildingsSteelInTUIT
Asia & Middle EastKyrgyzstanPrecast concrete large panel buildings with monolithic panel joints - Seria 105Unknown MaterialInTUIT
AfricaMalawiAdobe Single Residential HouseMasonry, unreinforcedMauro Sassu
North & Central AmericaMexicoTypical Residential BuildingMasonry, confinedRene Martinez-Leon
North & Central AmericaMexicoCohoapa, México typical earth dwelllingEarth, unreinforcedRoberto Arroyo Matus
Asia & Middle EastNepalPillar Wala Ghar (RC Frame with Masonry Infill)Concrete, reinforced Jitendra Bothara
Asia & Middle EastNepalGeneral ConstructionConcrete, reinforced Hemchandra Chaulagain
Asia & Middle EastNepalReinforced Concrete BuildingsConcrete, reinforced Prachand Man Pradhan
OceaniaNew ZealandWood HouseWoodJitendra Bothara
OceaniaNew ZealandOamaru Limestone BuildingMasonry, unreinforcedJitendra Bothara
Asia & Middle EastPakistanModern Multi-Storey Apartment BuildingConcrete, reinforced NED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanTypical House in Low-Income Residential ColonyMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanConsiderable Sized Community MosqueConcrete, reinforced NED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanTesting Attributes for a Building Located in KarachiConcrete, reinforced Najia Siddiqui
Asia & Middle EastPakistanModern Construction in Hunza ValleyConcrete, reinforced NED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanVernacular Construction (A Potter's Workshop and Storage Area)Masonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanBritish Era Naval Officers Rest House at Manora IslandMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanModern Multi-Storey Apartment Building, Askari Park HyderabadConcrete, reinforced NED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanGeneral ConstructionConcrete, reinforced Raja Saeed
Asia & Middle EastPakistanSmall House in Rural SindhMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanCommon Roadside Tea ShackWoodNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanVernacular Construction in Hunza ValleyMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanLarge Government Godown for Storing WheatConcrete, reinforced NED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanA Building Typical of Gulshan Town, KarachiConcrete, reinforced NED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanTypical House in Low-Middle Income Residential AreaMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanVernacular ConstructionMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanTypical House in Middle Income Residential AreaMasonry, reinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanTypical Construction in Low Income Residential AreaMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanConstruction in a dense area of Mingora town, PakistanMasonry, unreinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle EastPakistanBatarMasonry, reinforcedJitendra Bothara
Asia & Middle EastPakistanModern Construction in Hunza ValleyMasonry, reinforcedNED University
Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Hillside Brick House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Adobe House in Yarik
Masonry, unknown reinforcement
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan

Grass/Thatch House 02
Other material
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Confined Masonry Under Construction House
Masonry, confined
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
RCC House in Gilgit
Concrete, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional Building Style
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Adobe House
Masonry, unknown reinforcement
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Adobe House 02
Masonry, unknown reinforcement
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Contemporary House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional Building Style
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Adobe House 03
Masonry, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Adobe House in Yarik
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Gomal University
Masonry, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional House
Masonry, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional House
Masonry, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional Building Style
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
House along a drainage creek
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Load Bearing Brick Godowns
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Contemporary House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
House along a drainage creek
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Traditional House
Masonry, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
RCC House in Gilgit
Concrete, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
RCC House in Gilgit
Concrete, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Contemporary House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Contemporary House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Adobe House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Grass/Thatch House
Other material
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
House along a drainage creek
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
RCC House in Gilgit
Concrete, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
House along a drainage creek
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
House along a drainage creek
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Contemporary House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Cluster housing - brick
Masonry, reinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Stone House in Gilgit
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

Asia & Middle East
Pakistan
Brick House
Masonry, unreinforced
NED University

South AmericaPeruAdobe House in NazcaEarth, unreinforcedNicola Tarque
South AmericaPeruConfined Masonry BuildingMasonry, confinedNicola Tarque
EuropePortugalUnreinforced Masonry 'Gaioleiro' Buildings from LisbonMasonry, unreinforcedAna Simões, Rita Bento, Carlos Sousa Oliveira
EuropePortugal'Rabo de Bacalhau' Buildings from LisbonMasonry, unreinforcedMauro Monteiro, Ana Simões, Rita Bento, Carlos Sousa Oliveira
EuropePortugalMasonry Buildings with Reinforced Concrete Slabs ('Placa' Buildings) from LisbonMasonry, unreinforcedAna Simões, Mauro Monteiro, Rita Bento, Carlos Sousa Oliveira
EuropePortugalHistorical Masonry Buildings in Portuguese City CentresMasonry, unreinforcedFerreita, T.M.; Vicente, R.; Mendes da Silva, J.A.R.; Varum, H.
EuropePortugalReinforced Concrete Building 2Concrete, reinforced Mário Marques
EuropePortugalConcrete Portuguese Building 1Concrete, reinforced Mário Marques
EuropeRomaniaTimber Shop Building in the Courtyard of the FacultyConcrete, reinforced Demeter Istvan
EuropeRomaniaStructural Elements Laboratory, National Institute of Research in Construction: INCERCConcrete, reinforced Demeter Istvan
EuropeRomaniaRC Infilled Frame Building Housing Two Departments of the Civil Engineering FacultyConcrete, reinforced Demeter Istvan
EuropeRomaniaFaculty of Civil Engineering, Politehnica Univ. of TimisoaraConcrete, reinforced Demeter Istvan
EuropeRomaniaReinforced Concrete Structures LaboratoryConcrete, reinforced Demeter Istvan
EuropeRomaniaRaport cladire P+3EConcrete, unknown reinforcementVoinescu Mihai-Gabriel
EuropeRomaniaNewly Built Cast-in-Place Concrete Residential BuildingConcrete, composite with steel sectionDemeter Istvan
EuropeRomaniaEducational BuildingConcrete, composite with steel sectionDemeter Istvan
EuropeRomaniaEarly RC Frame Condominium Building with Masonry Infill Walls Designed for Gravity Loads OnlyConcrete, reinforced Maria Bostenaru
Europe
Romania
Precast concrete panel apartment buildings
Concrete, reinforced
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Europe
Romania
Reinforced concrete frame structure with diagonal bracing and brick infill walls
Concrete, reinforced
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Europe
Romania
Reinforced concrete cast-in situ shear wall buildings (with “fagure” plan)
Concrete, reinforced
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Europe
Romania
A single-family, two-storey house with brick walls and timber floors
Masonry, unreinforced
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Europe
Romania
Medium/high rise moment resisting reinforced concrete frame building
Concrete, reinforced
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Europe
Romania
One family one storey house, also called “wagon house”
Masonry, unreinforced
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Europe
Romania
Reinforced concrete cast-in situ shear wall buildings (with “fagure” plan and "bulbs")
Concrete, reinforced
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Europe
Romania
Multistorey masonry building
Masonry, unknown reinforcement
Maria BOSTENARU DAN

Asia & Middle EastSaudi Arabia4-Story University BuildingConcrete, reinforced Ali Altheeb
Asia & Middle EastSingaporeSemi-Detached Residential DwellingMasonry, confinedSimon Simpson
EuropeSloveniaPrecast RC Shear Wall Residential BuildingConcrete, reinforced Marjana Lutman
EuropeSloveniaMasonry Residential BuildingMasonry, unreinforcedMarjana Lutman
AfricaSouth AfricaTypical Residential BuildingMasonry, unreinforcedChristopher Roth
EuropeSpainBuilding Masonry Transition to RCMasonry, unreinforcedMercedes Feriche, Federico Salmerón
EuropeSpainTypical Residential Building before Seismic Design CodesConcrete, reinforced Mercedes Feriche
EuropeSpainTypical old residential bulidingMasonry, unreinforcedMercedes Feriche
EuropeSpainTypical Residential and Commercial Building with Seismic Design CodeSteelMercedes Feriche
EuropeSpainMasonry Building RetrofitMasonry, reinforcedMercedes Feriche, Elisa Entrena
EuropeSwitzerlandTraditional 3-Storey Stone House with Stone RoofMasonry, unreinforcedTom Schacher
EuropeSwitzerlandHalf-timbered house in the "Border triangle" (France, Switzerland, Germany)WoodMaria Bostenaru
Asia & Middle EastTajikistanTypical Residential BuildingMasonry, confinedPulat Yasunov
Asia & Middle EastTajikistanMulti family ResidenceMasonry, unreinforcedJafar Niyazov
Asia & Middle EastThailandSingle-Family Residential ConstructionConcrete, reinforced Chitr Lilavivat
North & Central AmericaTrinidad & TobagoTypical Low Cost HouseConcrete, unknown reinforcementAnthony Farrell
Asia & Middle EastTurkmanistanPrecast concrete large panel buildings with monolithic panel jointsPrecast ConcreteNodir Utashev (Sadiy, Bayramov)
AfricaUgandaGeneral ConstructionMasonry, confinedEric Lehmkuhl
EuropeUnited Kingdom1 Pancras Square (Office Building)Concrete, reinforced Andre Gibbs
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaBuilding at Univeristy of IdahoConcrete, reinforced Richard Nielsen
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaCal Poly QuadPlexWoodMichael Germeraad
North & Central AmericaUnited States of America701 Welch Road, Palo Alto CASteelLauren Doyel, PE, GE
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaResidence, SeattleWoodKyle Steuck
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaWWII Quansit HutsMetal (except steel)David Merrick
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaReinforced concrete building Downtowner Hotel, SeattleConcrete, reinforced Svetlana Brzev
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaSingle Family Residence circa 1950WoodSandra Hyde
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaCommercial/Industrial BuildingSteelScott Tinker
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaURM Building Retrofitted after the 2001 Nisqually EQ SeattleMasonry, unreinforcedSvetlana Brzev
North & Central AmericaUnited States of AmericaFountains Business Park, Bldg. 3, 42550 Albrae St., Fremont, CAConcrete, reinforced Jeff Falero
Asia & Middle EastUzbekistanPrecast concrete large panel buildings with monolithic panel jointsPrecast ConcreteNodir Utashev (Sadiy, Bayramov)
South AmericaVenezuelaTypical Residential BuildingConcrete, reinforcedJuan Carlos Vielma Pérez

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